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Acclimatization recognition. The Republic of Indonesia, the fourth most populous nation in the world, has 203 million people in about a thousand permanent populated islands. Around two to three hundred ethnic groups with their own languages and dialects vary in the population of Javanese (about 70 million) and Sudanese (about 30 million) in Java, to people numbering in thousands on remote islands. The nature of Indonesia's national culture is somewhat analogous to that of India-multicultural, rooted in older societies and inter-ethnic relations, and developed in the nationalist struggle of the twentieth century against European imperialism, which nevertheless forged Nation and live by its institutions. The national culture is observed more easily in cities, but aspects of its realization in nature as well. Indonesia boundaries are those of the Dutch East Indies, which was fully formed at the beginning of the 20th century, although Dutch imperialism began in the early seventeenth century. Indonesia's culture has historical roots, institutions, customs, values and beliefs that share life with its people, but it is also a work in progress that is experiencing some tension at the beginning of the 21st century.
The name of Indonesia, which means that the islands of the Indies, was invented by an Englishman, JR Logan in Malaya in 1850. Derived from the Greek, Eurasian (Indian) and Neso (island), which has parallels in Melanesia, "islands Micronesia, "small islands", and Polynesia. Lived with islands. A German geographer Adolf Bastian convert in the title of his book Indonesia, in 1884 and in 1928 adopted nationalists as the name of his long-awaited nation.
Most of the islands are multi-ethnic, with large and small groups forming geographical enclaves. Cities within these enclaves are the dominant ethnic group and some members of ethnic minority groups. Large cities may consist of living with ethnic groups; Some cities have a dominant majority. Regions such as western Sumatra and South Sulawesi, developed over the centuries by the interaction of earth science (such as rivers, ports, plains and mountains), historical interaction of peoples, and political and administrative measures.
Some, such as North Sumatra, South Sulawesi and East Java are ethnically mixed in varying degrees; Others such as West Sumatra, Bali and Aceh are more homogeneous. Some regions, such as South Sumatra, South Kalimantan and South Sulawesi, have a long-term Malay-Muslim coastline because they give similar cultural functions of art and clothing to religion's political and class stratification. Highland or upstream peoples in these regions have different social, cultural and religious acclimations, but they can feel or be forced to part of that region. Life with these areas have become the province's government, as well as the previous three. Others, like Bali, do not.
Location and the Earth Sciences.
Indonesia, the largest archipelago nation in the world, is located on both sides of the equator in the humid tropics and extends some 2,300 miles (3,700 kilometers) East to West, approximately the same as the contiguous United States. It is surrounded by the oceans, seas and straits unless it shares a border island with East Malaysia and Brunei in Borneo (Kalimantan); with Papua New Guinea New Guinea; and Timor Loro Sae Timor. West Malaysia is on the other side of the Strait of Malacca, Philippines is located in the Northeast, and Australia in the South.
The location of the archipelago has an important role in the economic, political, cultural and religious events played there. During more than two thousand years, lead to commercial vessels between the great civilizations of the India and China on the waters and Islands of the Antilles. The Islands also provided.
spices and forest products to the market. The alternation between East and West Indian wind monsoon make a stop for traders and other professionals from several countries, their languages, brought ideas political order, and its art and religion. Small and then grew great kingdoms as a result of, and as part of that great business. Steamboats change something of trade, but it remains a strategic location in the region between East and South Asia and Middle East.
Indonesia is made up of all or part of some of the major islands in the world from Sumatra, Java, most of Kalimantan (Borneo), Sulawesi (Celebes), Halmahera, and the western part of New Guinea (Papua) - and a large number of smaller islands, Bali (to the East of Java) is the best known. These islands, as well as some other peaks of 9,000 feet (2,700 meters) or more, and there are some 400 volcanoes, of which one hundred active. Between 1973 and 1990, for example, there were twenty-nine recorded eruptions, some with tragic consequences. lava and volcanic ash contributed to the rich lands of the mountainous areas of Sumatra and Java and Bali all that appreciated the production of rice for several thousand years.
Islands of Java, Madura, Bali and participate in the geographical center and population of the archipelago. Java, one of the most densely populated in the world (with 2.108 people per square mile [814 per square kilometer] in 1990), taking 78 per cent of the land area of the nation, but they account for approximately 60 per cent of the population of Indonesia. (About the size of the State of New York, the population of Java is 40 percent of the United States.) The outer islands, an arc to the West to form the North and East of the Center, about 90 percent of the land area of the country, but only about 42 per cent of the population. The inner Islands cultures are homogeneous, with only four major cultural groups: the Sudan (West Java), Java (Java central and Eastern), the madureses (ripe and East Java), and Balinese (Bali). The outer islands, hundreds of ethno-linguistic groups.
The forests of the inner Islands, once plentiful, are now largely disappeared. Kalimantan, West Papua and Sumatra still have a rich forests, while they are threatened by loggers for household use of wood, and export expansion and exploitation by the population. The land under forests is not fruitful. Some Eastern Islands, Sulawesi and the islands of the lower probe (the string of Islands to the East of Bali) also lost forests.
There are two types of predominantly agriculture in Indonesia: rice under permanent irrigation (with shell) and the slash and burn of rotation or (ladang) method of slash- and -burn of rice, corn and other crops. The first fluent in Java, Bali and the highlands along the western coast of Sumatra; the latter is located in other parts of Sumatra and other outer islands, but not exclusively. fixed rain water rice fields are arresting in Sulawesi and some other places. life with vegetables, tropical fruits, sago-rich areas and other cultivated or forest plantations and commercial plantations of coffee, tea, tobacco, coconut and sugar is found either on the inner and outer islands. -Plantage grown products, such as rubber, palm oil and sisal are arresting in Sumatra, while coffee, sugar and tea are arresting in Java. Spices such as cloves, nutmeg, pepper and grown mainly on the outlying islands, especially in the East. Maluku (before the Moluccas) owes its name to the "Spice Islands" of the importance of trade in these products. Gold, Tin and nickel are extracted in Sumatra, Bangka, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua to the national and international markets, and the oil and liquefied natural gas communication.
